Which of the following is not a sterilization process?

The reason "radiation or wiping down with alcohol" is the correct answer as not being a sterilization process lies in the definitions and effectiveness of the methods mentioned.

Sterilization is the complete elimination of all forms of microorganisms, including spores, and is typically achieved through specific processes designed for that purpose. Steam autoclaving, dry heat sterilization, and ethylene oxide gas sterilization are all established methods that achieve sterilization by using controlled conditions—high heat and pressure, dry heat, and gas, respectively. Each of these processes is validated to effectively kill resistant bacterial spores, ensuring that instruments and materials are free from all viable microorganisms.

On the other hand, wiping down surfaces with alcohol may reduce the number of pathogens but it does not guarantee the complete destruction of all microorganisms, especially spores. Likewise, radiation can be a sterilizing method under certain conditions, but the option in question typically refers to the method of surface disinfection rather than a thorough sterilization. Thus, it fails to meet the stringent criteria necessary to qualify as a sterilization process, making it the exception among the choices provided.